自动化测试

• selenium

该测试框架对Firefox完美支持，其它浏览器的兼容性能有待商榷，据说浏览器兼容性是该框架的特色，比watir好
可以使用多种语言编写测试用例，可以使用Java，但是推荐使用 ruby来编写，因为使用ruby来编写的话，语言简洁很多，而且测试人员可以很简单地去编写Ruby脚本
具有录制功能，但是只针对在firefox下，录制生成的脚本可以转为各种语言的测试用例。

• watir

该测试框架对ie有很好的支持

---

安装：

•  window-下载ruby
  

•  window-DevKit.exe版  window-DevKit  更多DevKit

• 下载ruby 安装 ， 修改系统path配置 ， 命令行输入ruby -v
• 下载DevKit 安装 (安装时，路径不要有空格)
• 到DevKit安装目录，命令行

  > cd <DEVKIT_INSTALL_DIR>
  > ruby dk.rb init
  #生成config.yml，这里会检查将要添加DevKit支持的Ruby列表，只支持通过RubyInstaller安装的Ruby
  #如果这里列出的Ruby与你的要求不符，可以手动修改
  > ruby dk.rb review  #检查要添加DevKit支持的Ruby列表是否有误，可以略过
  > ruby dk.rb install
  [INFO] Updating convenience notice gem override for 'C:/Ruby192'
  [INFO] Installing 'C:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/site_ruby/devkit.rb'
  >
  

• 检查是否安装成功

  > gem install selenium-webdriver
  

• selenium-webdriver 就是测试工具，安装成功即可

  C:\Documents and Settings\pc>gem install selenium-webdriver
  Temporarily enhancing PATH to include DevKit...
  Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
  Fetching: childprocess-0.3.2.gem (100%)
  Fetching: addressable-2.2.8.gem (100%)
  Fetching: libwebsocket-0.1.3.gem (100%)
  Fetching: selenium-webdriver-2.21.2.gem (100%)
  Successfully installed ffi-1.0.11
  Successfully installed childprocess-0.3.2
  Successfully installed addressable-2.2.8
  Successfully installed libwebsocket-0.1.3
  Successfully installed selenium-webdriver-2.21.2
  5 gems installed
  Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.0.11...
  Installing ri documentation for childprocess-0.3.2...
  Installing ri documentation for addressable-2.2.8...
  Installing ri documentation for libwebsocket-0.1.3...
  Installing ri documentation for selenium-webdriver-2.21.2...
  Installing RDoc documentation for ffi-1.0.11...
  Installing RDoc documentation for childprocess-0.3.2...
  Installing RDoc documentation for addressable-2.2.8...
  Installing RDoc documentation for libwebsocket-0.1.3...
  Installing RDoc documentation for selenium-webdriver-2.21.2...
  

• 编写第一个案例，打开netbeans ，新建ruby工程

  require 'rubygems'
  require 'selenium-webdriver'
  
  driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
  driver.navigate.to "http://ks.pconline.com.cn/bbs.jsp"
  #sleep 3
  
  element = driver.find_element(:name, 'q')
  element.send_keys "IPhone4S"
  element.submit
  
  puts driver.title
  driver.quit
  

API使用及其例子

• 解决中文字符问题

  require 'rubygems'
  require 'selenium-webdriver'
  require 'iconv'
  class String
  	def to_gbk
  		 Iconv.iconv("GBK//IGNORE","UTF-8//IGNORE",self).to_s
  	end
  end
  
  
  driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :ie
  driver.navigate.to "http://ks.pconline.com.cn/bbs.jsp"
  #sleep 3
  
  element = driver.find_element(:name, 'q')
  element.send_keys "IPhone4S"
  element.submit
  
  
  puts "#{driver.title}".to_gbk
  driver.quit
  

• 检测登录，论坛登录例子

  require 'rubygems'
  require 'selenium-webdriver'
  require 'iconv'
  class String
  	def to_gbk
  		 Iconv.iconv("GBK//IGNORE","UTF-8//IGNORE",self).to_s
  	end
  end
  
  
  driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :ie
  driver.navigate.to "http://itbbs.pconline.com.cn/mobile/f587012.html"
  #sleep 3
  
  #输入帐号密码
  username = driver.find_element(:name, 'username')
  username.send_keys "3edc4rfv"
  password = driver.find_element(:name, 'password')
  password.send_keys "123456"
  password.submit #提交数据
  
  #读取cookie查看是否登录成功
  driver.manage.all_cookies.each { |cookie|
  	  puts "pass!" if cookie[:name] == "cmu" and cookie[:value] == "3edc4rfv"
      #puts "#{cookie[:name]} => #{cookie[:value]}"
  }
  #puts "pass!" if driver.manage.cookie["cmu"]  == "3edc4rfv"
  driver.manage.delete_all_cookies #清除cookie
  #puts "#{driver.title}".to_gbk
  driver.quit
  

• 登录论坛是一个比较糟糕的例子 ， 如果像这样写测试用例的话，依赖页面元素，这样对于经常修改的页面来说，测试用例的编辑就是一个灾难

  #测试代码也需要重构，第一版重构
  require 'rubygems'
  require 'selenium-webdriver'
  require 'iconv'
  class String
  	def to_gbk
  		 Iconv.iconv("GBK//IGNORE","UTF-8//IGNORE",self).to_s
  	end
  end
  #登录页面模型
  class LoginPage
  	
  	attr_reader :url
  
  	def initialize driver , url
  		@driver = driver
  		@url = url
  	end
  
  	def open
  		@driver.navigate.to @url
  		self
  	end
  
  	def login_as username , passpord
  		@driver.find_element(:name, 'username').send_keys(username)
  		@driver.find_element(:name, 'password').send_keys(passpord)
  		@driver.find_element(:id => 'loginform').find_element(:tag_name => 'a').click
  	end
  
  	def logout
  		@driver.find_element(:xpath => %Q{//div[@class='iptArea']//a[3]} ).click
  	end
  
  	def close
  		@driver.close
  	end
  	
  end
  
  dr = Selenium::WebDriver.for :ie
  url = "http://itbbs.pconline.com.cn/mobile/f587012.html"
  page = LoginPage.new dr , url
  page.open
  page.login_as  '3edc4rfv' ,  '123456'
  page.logout
  page.close